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C. J. AXIELL. ElECTMCAI. SYSTEM OF POWER TRANSMISSION AND REGENERATIVE BRAKING.

Armenian mm m. 4. ma.

1 ,3 1 Patented Apr. 18, 1922.

Hlllllll I Inventor- Clinton JJ xteH,

' His fitter-"neg.

UNITED ,STATES PATENT-OFFICE.

ionic, nssmnoit *ro 6mm ELEG- sumo oomrm; A:GOEPOB.AT'I'ON on new You.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEIOE' POWER TRANBMZISQIOH AND REGENERATIVE BRAKING- Speeificetioh of Letters Patent. ligh en ted A 18 1922 A unm'unn-ana retina 4.191sserial No. 215.218.

- To all wlwmit may-concern:

Be it knoivnthat I, Cnmwon J, n.

citizenofthe United stetes resi :at.

Sch cnectady count of, tote :Byakingqof which tlieiollowing' is BISM- et Qn- My nvention relcteg eo-electr cat systems P W -F "tr e ecmn x enem iv A k e, eec lsp e e g erly WW fiP s on-temlm eenentine hi ckingqcompnsmg ecmaln dynamoelectric machine which required to op crate either as a; motorto drive; on as a.

' wholly or over compens ed and the desired generatorto brake .a load. such atmotion or similar-10s,

= My .inxrentionhas for. its pl'lnclpfllbbject the provision in systems of athe ikind reeretion of thekme in dyncmo-elecspeed oi ;s a1d machine upon {the braking torque =pr oduced thcreby niay be partially ehnntlield winding inversely with variations in the speed of said dynamo-electric machine. 7 l

For a. bettwundenstarnding of my invention re ference should be made to the ac t a mme l compnnyi ng dmwingfifi 1 of which illusl a system'embody- 1 one-modlficetlon o -z ny nvention; and F1gs .i 2, 3,4 illustrate systems embodymiothenmod-ificntlonn ofiny invention.

- efegnng to-,;the several figures of the droningin; which girniier refeience charactens designate similar parts, i 1 mpresentsc dynamo-electric ,Inachine ,ferred-tb ot meene whereby, during the; gen-' -erot0r; 0E

having anemiatnre a. series wlnding; 3; and a. shuntfield winding; 4. As illustrated the armature 2 is connected, in se 'ies with the; series field wvinding a betweenthe conductor 5 and 6 tconstitnte o gveriebleg-voltage supply cir- '0mt.- ,.'Tho1;olntion of theiwindings 3 and 4 dis snob that the dynamo electric machine 1 opefates as a. cumulative compound motor braking-tot no spend chaI-acteristio may-be Y torque speed characteristics sire desimb Iandnthe requirements of a particular service Jimy'. be for a.

of a wide choice in th-hrakingtocque speed ser es the gel-mature" 7 40f thecounter electronlotwet force dynamo-electric machine fi,-,heremn ften;cglled the; counter eleotmmoitive forcemachinebetween the conductor 5 and ground. .6. E0!- the purpose of clearly inclicatingtlwt the speed of the armature 7 varies with the speed of the armature 2, theannetnr 7 is illustrated .as mechanically colmeoted to the, armatureB by means of the shaft 9 which may-also be connected to *the 'nxle'ofa yehicle or otherlond by means characteristic of the dynamo-electricmachine. My invention, furthermor 'rhas'for an object the provision of means-whe eby the dynamo-electric macflaihe wili'be caused to operate during-motoring wlth'a speed to'rq'u ch airacteritic similair tothat.

of a. series motor. Other'bhjectsbt inventionf will :mnee'r as this sneclficatxon pfogresss.

' 11nnccoidoncecavith-m binnention, I pr ovide the main dynamo-e ectnc machine, or

machines, with shuntinnd s'eriesfield windingsxind provide speed responsive means,

comprising"- a counter" elect 'onioti've force machine, for Val'ying-tl18"BX0ltab1OIi ol sand of the near 10 and-other mechanism not shown.

The coimterielectromotive' force machine 8, as illustrated inFig; 1, .is provided with a, field winding'll, connected between the conductor 5 and ground 6.

The counter electromotjve force machine 8. as illu'streted in Fig. 2, is provided with a field winding 12,:wh1ch is in. efiect a series field winding, oonneotedhetween a point,

:intevtnedinte the armatnre 7 and thefield the conductor fi-nnd ground 6, and with n field winding l igconnected in series with the field winding 4 and the armature 7. The

series field wihding 14 is oonnetetl that its mognetomotive force assists the magnetomotive fierce of the main field winding 13,

The b'iihtiiielectriifiioti'iie for'iie "IQ-9.0.11 ine' 8, as illustrated in Fig. 4,'is provided with a. main field windi 'l '5,'connectecl between the conductor 5 am ground 6, and with n. field winding 16, connected in series with the field windiii'g 4 'smd the armature T. The series field winding 18 is-cofinedted so that itsmagnetolnotive force opposes the n a netomoti've forte of the h'min field win ing 15.

The counter elect-romotive force 'msidhine 8, as illustrated iiiffig. 5, is "provided with:

maybe energized from any other'soure of current whose volmge does not wr too y- 3 .t

The operation of my i 11 vhtion its embodied in the ystem illiistrgtd Fig. 1, as at presentunderstoodfiisjas follows:

First "assunie the-dyhpmoelectricmachine 1 to hebperetin'g ash ifitlu'l'ativ 'e b'rh'pdunrl motorat a. o'ertain relotjqvely'low eed. A relatively heavy inrent \v 'lll, '='t ei-effor'e, traverse the sirmhture 2 hh d t heseries field 3. A felativel "heh iyurrent will also traverse the shu'nt eld mndin 4 since, by reason of the lo'wspeedat w ich the armature isliein driven the'ooun'ter electromot-ii e force evelo'ped. therein; wh ih opposestlie flow'of current through the fiel (l winding 4, will be relatively low. 'If,- for airy reason, the speed of the dynamo-electric 'mt'tchine L'in'crease the'curr'ent trrivetsm thefieldwinding 3 will'dcrease 'di'ie to ersing the field Winding '3 and the field winding 4. It will thus be evident that, during the motor operation of the dynamoclectric machine 1. the current in the shunt field Winding 4, as well as the current in the "eluted in- 'hie m=mstere e.- meter series field wihding 3, "va'ries invei's'eli with the speed of the dynamo-electric machine 1 .ee.. e em -e e e ine 1 will operate w th a torque speed chzix ecteritic slmalar to that o a. series motor. The. series field winding 3 furthermore acts to prevent objectionable rushes of current, such as would occur if it were not used, upon a sudden increase in the supply 'cirouitvolttge.

No v'v assume the-dynamo-electric machine 1 to be operating as a. difierential compound generator at a eer'tain relatively high speed and to be returning iiiv'e'r to the s'ir'pply Circuit. The colfiiter" et'ror'nbtive fh'i dede ve'lo ed in the-armature 7 will he relativ y hi h *e'hd hence the oiirien't "tmi'e'r'sing the s "111:"fi'eld tri'lidixig4 iirill lie relatively 'Iow. For hoeithin sup flji Ezirnit vbl'tirge the nynsiso-elhtrie msehine *1 Krill, under these conditions, supply a esteem s5 am'ount or ciinent' to the 'sliifpl'y' -iiii'ouit and 'ivilliit '8 c'eilhin 'ljriik-Ir'tg tdiqli 'ifilfiitin the vehicle oroth'eiloo sy "w hich-it is diiv'eh. If flew thespeed 15f e dynhmo eletrie liiuc'liifl'e 3. deereasegi; eohfiter eleofibhiotive ,fore deVeld d in the armature 7 will be I 'mrn-ed to the supply 'ir'fiit, sea the beaking torque. For similar Tensor-is the fuel-ease 1n the speed 'ofthe tlyriiinio elebtlic-hihhiho will result in a. deer-easei 'n the ourrent'trhersi -the*fie1dwiiiding 4. It thfls"e'vident at, 'durirrgthe'gexiemtor'o oration of the dyne'mo eleetrib meehixre 1', t etorrent in 'theshunt-fieldwindin '4 will vtiify =inversel with the eed oi he djmemoeleetrio machine and hat -the speed at which the dynamo eleotric 'mgrehine will retrirn power to the 'si1pplYoit'iiit-ismiiiterially lowered. The series field windin 3 by reasonof itsf'difi'urnti'ttl action prevents 11 objectionable jrhshes of "c-urretit, such he wonldoccur'if-it werefnot u's'eth'iipon or enddn decrease in theslr'ppl'y -ciifci11t voltage.

The operation 'oftheilliistr'e'ted i n Fig. '2 is substzintihllj' the some as the bp- 115 'emtion of the' system illustrated in *Fi'g. '1. Therelet iombeifiwe'n 'the' conmter leotromotive force"developeddirthe miniature? rind the 'speed thereof is'diflerent 'hbwerr "because the -ercitin ivinding' l isconnetited, 1 0 across thefield windings: and is in effect-a series field v The "operation of the systchfs'illustreted in Figs. 3 and 4 is substantially thesztme as :the operation -of' the-system illustrated in Fig. 1-. The zreletiombettveen the borinter 'electr'oinotive force*develbped in the arms ture 7 a'nd the-speed thereof isndi'ffererit, however, because of the use 'of the-cumulutive series field Winding 14 in the's'ystem is m1bz-xtantially thesame as the open ation of the system illustrated-fin Fig. 1.

The relation between the counter electromd tive force=develo ed-in the'zmnzitilre 7 and the speed theme is different, however, be-

cause ofthe use of the series field winding I8 which is connected in- SB'ries iwif-h the armature 2 ilnd'thB series field windin 3 of thedynemoelech'ic'mchine 1. The old winding 18 acts difierentiai] with respect to'the main field winding 7,- during the motor operation, end 'cumu1ativelywith respect to thefieldw'inding- 17 during the generator" operation of- =the dynamo-electric machine 1. If,durin'g th'e motor-o eration of the dgmmo-electric machine-1, .t 0 voltage of- '1 circuit-increase the current in the-fi el d winding-181MB increase and, due to the incree'sed 'diiferential action thereofthe counter electromotive force developed" in 1the- -armstures7' willdecrease thereby increasing: field winding i; H, during the generator opera.- tion of the dynamo-e ectric'machine 1, the 'voltage of'the so ply circuit decrease, the current'in thc'fiel Mending 18 willincrease.

e lcurrent the Dile to the increased" cumulative ection of the field -winding= -18, the counter; electro- -inotiv'eiorce-developed in" the armature 7 increasetherehy-decreesi v the current in thefield-windiflg 4Jj'1heeld winding l8,-'=therefore,-'-tends:ftq cause-a; variation in the current in the field" winding 4, upon flnctu'ation 'in the{suppl y circuit voltage, in

a direction to=nrevent'ob1ectionnh1erushes of current. By-selection oithef'prbper connections and of the 'roper'proportions'the dynamoelectric ina ne 1 nuy be made to have, during'its mdtor o'eretibh a speed torque characteristic r to that of a series motor and to have, during its genera tor operation, speed torque characteristics nu cording to which the torque remains up proximately constant, decreases, or increases as its slpeed decreases.

Wln e my invention is illustrated as embodied in systems having but one main dynamo-electnc machine, it is manifest that it may be applied to systems having a plurality of main d rumor-electric machines and that the shunt eld windings of several machines Ill. be connected in series with each other and with the armature of a single counter clect-romotive force machine across the sup ply circuit or that independent counter elec tromotive force machines may be employed for each main dynamo-electric machine.

I conceive that various modifications of my invention may he made and l accordingly do not desire to be limited to the oxm-l.

'- sively' to the voltage -winding the potential of the' supply circuit and an Letters Patent of the United.- States,

1. The combination with a supply circuit, of'a direct current enerator provided with shunt and series :1 win andconnected to the supply circuit todeliver energythereto, of means {or varying the excitation of said shunt field windmg inversel with variations in the speed of said generator, comprising a. counter electromotive force machine connected to be driven at a speedres nsive to the speed of the generetorl am having a field energized responof thelsupply circuit.

2. The combination with a supply. circuit, of a. dynamo-electric nmchine, provided with shunt and series field windings and connected-to operate as a. differential compound -gencrator.,to deliver? energy to the su ply, circuit, and a counter electroniotiveorce machine connected to be driven at speeds varying with. the speed of said (1 nomoelectric machine and. rovided. wi field which isvarie in accordance with armature connected in series with said shunt field winding during the generator operation of sciddynamo electric machine.

r 3. The combination with csupply, circuit, of a load n dynamo-.electric'mcchine,provided withsel'ies and shunt field; windings 'and connected to the supply-circuitto o ate either as a, motor-to drive'snidloo .or as a generator to brakesnid load by returning. energy to the: supply circuit, and; speed responsive means; comprising a. counter. electromotive force machine havingtu field windmg energized responsivclyto thewolta e .of

the supply circuit,-opere.hleduring both the motor and nerator operation of said dynamo-electric machine for varying the excitation of the shunt field windin inversely with variations in the speed 0 said dynamo-electric machine.

l. The combination with a supply circuit, of a load, a dynamo-electric machine, provided with series and shunt field windings and connected to the supply circuit to operate either as a cumulative compound motor to drive said lead or as a differential compound generator to brake said load, and a. counter elcctromotive force machine connected to be driven at speeds varying with the speed of said dynamoelcctric machine, the said counter elcctromotive force machine being provided with an armature connected in series with said shunt field winding and a field energized responsivcly to the voltage of the supply circuit.

'l'lw rzmnhinatinn with a variable voltage supply circuit, ol? a. load, a dynamoelectric machine, provided with series and shunt field windings and connected to the supply circuit either to be operated as u cumulative compound motor by power supplied from said circuit to drive said lead or to be operated as a difierential compound generator .by said load to return power to said circuit, and 1a counter electrometiv-c force machine connected to be driven at speeds varying with the speed of said dynamo-electric machine and provided with an armature connected in :series with said shunt field winding and 1:1 shunt field connected to the supply circuit.

6. The combination with a variable voltage supply :circuit, of .a aload, a. dynamoelectric machine, provided with series .nnd shunt field windings and connected either to be operated as a cumulative compound motor by :power supplied 'IEI'OITI :said wcimguit to drive said load or :to :be operated as n difierenti'el compound generator by solid doad to return power 'to-seidcircuit, and a. counter elec'tromotive foi'ce machine connectedeto ibe driven :at speeds varying with the speedof said dynamoelectrie machine and provided with a shunt field en armature connected in series with the shunt fielcl winding ofsaid said shunt field winding, 11 main field winding energized responsively to the voltage of: the supply circuit and a series .field winding.

8. The combination with a. variable volt age supply circuit, of a load, a dynamoelectric machine, provided with series and shunt field windings and 'con-nected either to be operated as a cumulative compound motor by )ower supplied from said circuit to =d-rive sai compound generator ;by said load to return power to said circuit, and a counter electromotive force machine connected "to be driven at speeds varying with the speed of said dynamoelectric machine and :provided with .an armature, connectedin :series with :said shunt field winding, n mainifield winding,

connected to said supply circuit, auda field winding, connected in senies with the-ennuture of said dynamo-electric machine.

9. The combination with -a motor honing a magnetic field circuit and :n;field winding for inducing .e. flux in said magnetic dick-l circuit of a regulati .clynamo connected in series with said =fie d winding to -form a field windingcircuit, means iorampress'ing n substantallyconstant potentiitl on said field winding circuit, a field winding :for

said regulating dynamo, means for :supply ing currentito said regulating dynamo .fild winding at .a. rate constantly proportional l to the flow of current in-se'id motor ifieldwinding, means =for causing said :motOr via nd dynamo to rotate at speeds hearing-amonstunt zratio to each other, and other means iorming-a-pa-rt-of isnid motor rind-res onsive to increase in :load forincreasingzt e -.fiux

-in saidm neticfifield circuit for reducing the speed 0 said motor.

In witness whereof, I have :hereunto set niyhand this 31st dayof-Janu-ary, 1918.

CLINTON J. AXPELL.

loader to be operated as a, differential 

